Dasar Pemrograman C#

<p><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <h2 class="page-title" style="text-align: left;"> Dasar C#</h2> <div class="entry clear-block"> <br /> <br /> Daftar isi<br /> <ul><br /> <li>Pendahuluan</li> <br /> <li>Struktur dasar Program C#</li> <br /> <li>Class</li> <br /> <li>Class Member</li> <br /> <li>Static Class Member</li> <br /> <li>Konstanta dan readonly</li> <br /> <li>Objek</li> <br /> <li>Method</li> <br /> <li>Constructor</li> <br /> <li>Akses Modifier</li> <br /> <li>Properties</li> <br /> <li>Namespace dan using</li> <br /> <li>Parameter Method</li> <br /> <li>Method Overloading</li> <br /> <li>Overload Constructor</li> <br /> <li>Komposisi</li> <br /> <li>Penggunaan referensi “this”</li> <br /> <li>Inheritance (pewarisan)</li> <br /> <li>Class Abstrak</li> <br /> <li>Method abstrak</li> <br /> <li>Method Virtual</li> <br /> <li>Menyembunyikan method class induk dgn keyword “new”</li> <br /> <li>Polymorphisme</li> <br /> <li>Event dan delegate</li> <br /> <li>Interface</li> <br /> <li>Network programming</li> <br /> <li>Database Programming</li> <br /> <li>Array dan collection</li> </ul> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> Pendahuluan</h4> <br /> Untuk memahami pemrograman  C#   kita wajib mengerti konsep dasar pemrograman berorientasi  Object(PBO). Konsep PBO pada C# pada dasarnya sama  dengan yg diterapkan pada  C++ ,VB.Net, JAVA, dll.<br /> <br /> Sekilas gambaran tentang pemrograman berorientasi  Object(PBO)  sudah saya tulis pada <a href="https://pccontrol.wordpress.com/2011/07/08/pengetahuan-dasar-pemrograman-berorentasi-objek-pbo-object-oriented-programming-oop/">artikel disini</a> . Artikel tsb berisi penjelasan buat pembaca yg baru sama sekali yg ingin mengetahui apa itu pemrograman berorientasi objek.<br /> <br /> Ada 3 jenis aplikasi C#  untuk  yang bisa kita buat<br /> <br /> 1. Aplikasi konsol<br /> <br /> 2. Aplikasi Visual<br /> <br /> 3. Aplikasi Class library.<br /> <br /> 4. Aplikasi <a href="http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/prvn_131971/chapter-2-programming-wpf-applications/">WPF</a><br /> <br /> Pelajaran dasar pemrograman C#  biasanya menggunakan aplikasi konsol supaya kita fokus kepada kode programnya saja.<br /> <br /> Struktur dasar Program C#<br /> <br /> Secara hirarki Program C# terdiri dari Namespace-> class-> method dan data<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter plain" id="highlighter_399392"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="plain plain">namespace</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="plain plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">   </code><code class="plain plain">class</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">    </code><code class="plain plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">      </code><code class="plain plain">data</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">      </code><code class="plain plain">method</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">    </code><code class="plain plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="plain plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> Langsung saja kita lihat contoh program C#  paling sederhana  :<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_898633"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11</div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12</div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13</div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">namespace</code> <code class="csharp plain">test</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">Clscontoh</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp keyword">string</code>  <code class="csharp plain">pesan =</code><code class="csharp string">" halo apa kabar"</code><code class="csharp plain">;       </code><code class="csharp comments">// data </code></div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp keyword">static</code> <code class="csharp keyword">void</code> <code class="csharp plain">Main(</code><code class="csharp keyword">string</code><code class="csharp plain">[] args)         </code><code class="csharp comments">// method</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">       </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">       </code><code class="csharp plain">Console.WriteLine(pesan);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">       </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">}     </code><code class="csharp comments">//penutup class</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">}        </code><code class="csharp comments">// penutup namespace scope</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <b>Penjelasan program </b></h3> <br /> Program C#  minimal harus terdiri dari 1 class dan 1 methode Main().<br /> <br /> Contoh diatas terdiri dari 1 <a href="https://pccontrol.wordpress.com/2011/07/08/pengetahuan-dasar-pemrograman-berorentasi-objek-pbo-object-oriented-programming-oop/"> class </a>  dgn nama Clscontoh  dan  ClsContoh mempunya 1   methode   Main().<br /> <br /> <b>Langkah-langkah  kompilasi / menjalankan program diatas :</b><br /> <br /> 1.  Ketik program diatas   pada  notepad  dan simpan  dengan nama ex1.cs  (nama terserah yg penting berextensi *.cs)<br /> <br /> 2.  Pada prompt dos ketik  c:>csc  ex1.cs<br /> <br /> 3.  Untuk menjalankanya ketik c:>ext1.exe<br /> Program C#  terbentuk dari class  sedangkan program  C terdiri dari fungsi fungsi.<br /> <br /> Untuk menyederhanakan program yg bersekala besar adalah dengan cara memecah program menjadi bagian/modul modul  yg lebih kecil, bentuk Modul tersebut diantaranya adalah class dan method. Sebuah aplikasi biasanya terbagi menjadi 3 modul atau layer yaitu user interface, proses dan koneksi database. Tiap tiap modul/layer mempunyai class nya masing masing. Class class tsb bisa menggunakan class yg sudah ada baik yg tersedia (di class library maupun yg dibuat oleh pengguna yg lain) atau kita sendiri yang membuatnya.<br /> <br /> Class<br /> <br /> Semua code dalam C# harus berada dalam class  dan tiap class terdiri dari  data  dan method .Method dan data disebut juga sebagai  member Class .  Data dalam class dimanipulasi melalui method . data disebut juga member variable atau instance variable.  instance variable dideklarasikan di luar method.<br /> <br /> Class Member<br /> Class  terdiri dari beberapa member/anggota antara lain<br /> -Fields<br /> -Constants<br /> -Properties<br /> -Methods<br /> -Constructors<br /> -Destructors<br /> -Events<br /> -Indexers<br /> -Operators<br /> -Nested Types<br /> <br /> Setiap kelas tdk harus tersusun dari semua member class diatas, pada umumnya class yg akan kita pakai hanya terdiri dari constructor,property dan method.<br /> Static Class Member<br /> <br /> Static class member adalah member class yg diakses melalui class tdk melalui objek. jadi seolah oleh member static bersifat global di semua objek.  Jika  instance  variable  static  maka tiap objek mempunyai  instance variable yg sama.  Sebaliknya  pada  instance variable yg  bukan static maka tiap objek mempunyai salinan  (instance variable) masing masing.<br /> <br /> Contoh<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_557532"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11</div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12</div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13</div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14</div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15</div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16</div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17</div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18</div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> 19</div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> 20</div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> 21</div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> 22</div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> 23</div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> 24</div> <br /> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> 25</div> <br /> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> 26</div> <br /> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> 27</div> <br /> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> 28</div> <br /> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> 29</div> <br /> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> 30</div> <br /> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> 31</div> <br /> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> 32</div> <br /> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> 33</div> <br /> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> 34</div> <br /> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> 35</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">namespace</code> <code class="csharp plain">gamepesawat</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">peswatTempur</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">       </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">string</code> <code class="csharp plain">namaPilot;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">       </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">static</code> <code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">TotalTertembak=0;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">       </code><code class="csharp plain">pulic </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">tembakmusuh()</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">           </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">              </code><code class="csharp plain">TotalTertembak++;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">              </code><code class="csharp keyword">return</code> <code class="csharp plain">TotalTertembak;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">           </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">        </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">Class  gamestart()</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">           </code><code class="csharp keyword">static</code> <code class="csharp keyword">void</code> <code class="csharp plain">Main(</code><code class="csharp keyword">string</code><code class="csharp plain">[] args)     </code><code class="csharp comments">// method Main</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">           </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">             </code><code class="csharp comments">//membuat objek pesawatTempurF16 dan F22</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">              </code><code class="csharp plain">pesawatTempur F16 = </code><code class="csharp keyword">new</code> <code class="csharp plain">pesawatTempur();</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">              </code><code class="csharp plain">pesawatTempur F22 = </code><code class="csharp keyword">new</code> <code class="csharp plain">pesawatTempur();</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">              </code><code class="csharp plain">F16.namaPilot = </code><code class="csharp string">"fatih"</code><code class="csharp plain">;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">              </code><code class="csharp plain">F16.tembak(); </code></div> <br /> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">              </code><code class="csharp plain">F16.namaPilot= </code><code class="csharp string">"dede"</code><code class="csharp plain">;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">              </code><code class="csharp plain">F16.tembak();</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> <code class="csharp comments">// mengakses statik variable totalTertembak dgn nama class pesawattempur bukan nama objek</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">           </code><code class="csharp plain">system.console.writeln(</code><code class="csharp string">"total tertembak={0}"</code> <code class="csharp plain">pesawatTempur.TotalTertembak)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">            </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> Dari contoh diatas kita bisa melihat bahwa static instance variable TotalTertembak adalah hanya ada 1 dan mempunyai nilai sama disemua objek dan cara mengaksesnya melalui nama class.  jika kita mencoba mengakses dgn  referensi objek  spt  F16.totalTertembak akan menyebabkan error saat dikompilasi.<br /> <br /> Konstanta dan Readonly<br /> <br /> Member class berupa konstanta di inisialisasi hanya sekali yaitu saat program dicompile. konstanta secara implisit adalah static member yaitu hanya ada satu nilai pada semua objek.<br /> Member class berupa readonly inisialisasinya bisa beberapa kali pada programya yaitu tiap objek dibuat. Readonly di inisialisasi lewat constructor.<br /> <br /> contoh<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_702002"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">lingkaran</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">const</code> <code class="csharp keyword">double</code> <code class="csharp plain">pi=3.14;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">readonly</code> <code class="csharp keyword">double</code> <code class="csharp plain">diameter;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp plain">lingkaran(</code><code class="csharp keyword">double</code> <code class="csharp plain">setdiameter)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">       </code><code class="csharp plain">diameter = setdiameter;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> Saat program dicompile nilai pi diinisialisasi yaitu tetap 3.14  selama program berjalan, sedangkan untuk nilai diameter setiap objek dibuat nilai readonly bisa diinisiaisasi.<br /> <br /> Objek<br /> <br /> Setelah class dibuat maka yg digunakan dalam program adalah objek dari class. cara membuat objek dari class (instance) adalah sbb:<br /> class objek = new class.<br /> <br /> misal nya kita buat class kalkulator dan sebuah method jumlah(int a, int b) dlm class tsb dan objek yg kita buat adalah casio<br /> <br /> kalkulator casio = new kalkulator<br /> <br /> untuk penggunaan objek casio tsb dgn cara :<br /> <br /> hasil = casio.jumlah(2,3)<br /> <br /> contoh konkritnya ada di bagian bawah artikel.<br /> <br /> Method<br /> <br /> Method   mirip   seperti fungsi , yaitu  potongan kode yg melaksanakan tugas tertentu  ,  method mempunyai  format sbb:<br /> <br /> akses modifier-return_type-nama_method (parameter)<br /> {<br /> <br /> badan method<br /> <br /> }<br /> <br /> contoh method :<br /> <br /> public int jumlah(int bil1, int bil2)<br /> {<br /> return bil1 + bil2;<br /> }<br /> <br /> contoh method tanpa return value :<br /> <br /> public void tampilkanhasil(int hasil)<br /> {<br /> System.Console.WriteLine(“hasil operasi = {0}”, hasil);<br /> }<br /> <br /> Ringkasan hal hal yang terkait dgn method:<br /> – methode terdiri dari header dan body method<br /> – method bisa memiliki return value bisa juga tidak (ditandai dgn void)<br /> – method bisa memiliki 1 atau lebih parameter<br /> – method bisa memiliki parameter objek dan array.<br /> – variable yg dideklarasikan di dlm method bersifat lokal hanya bisa diakses di dlm method saja. jika didalam method ada nama variable yg sama dgn instance variable, maka yg berlaku adalah variable lokal.<br /> – untuk mengakses instance variable yg mempunyai nama yg sama dgn lokal variable gunakan this.nama_instance_variable<br /> – method dlm class yg sama dipanggil dgn menuliskan nama method dan menuliskan argument untuk tiap parameternya. type argument harus sesuai dgn type parameter pada deklarasi method.<br /> – memanggil method pd class yg berbeda menggukana statemen objekreferensi.namaMethod<br /> – method bisa digunakan berulang ulang didalam program<br /> – diusahakan membuat method sesederhana mungkin  dgn satu tugas spesifik.<br /> – diusahakan nama method sesui tugas yg dikerjakan oleh method.<br /> – didalam method tdk boleh ada deklarasi method lain.<br /> – didalam method bisa memanggil method lain<br /> <br /> Constructor<br /> <br /> Constructor adalah method yg dijalankan setiap kali objek dibuat. Method ini mempunyai ciri ciri:<br /> -nama method sama dgn nama class.<br /> -tidak mempunyai return type.<br /> -akses modifiernya “public”<br /> <br /> Salah satu kegunaan constructor adalah untuk inisialisasi kondisi awal objek. Jika kita tdk membuat constructor maka secara otomatis C# akan membuatkan secara default tapi constructor tsb tdk melaksanakan apapaun .<br /> contoh constructor:<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_258930"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">termometer</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp plain">termometer() </code><code class="csharp comments">// constructor</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> Akses Modifier<br /> <br /> Akses  modifier  mendefinisikan ruang lingkup pengaksesan  member class  .  Dari mana saja method dan instance variable bisa diakses , bisa diatur melalui  akses  modifier ini. Ada 4  akses modifier tapi untuk tahap awal kita akan membicarakan 2 lebih dahulu yaitu :<br /> <br /> 1. Public ,  member class  bisa diakses dari semua bagian program .<br /> 2. Private , member class hanya bisa diakses dari dlm class<br /> <br /> Untuk default akses modifier member class  adalah  private. Sebaiknya data dlm sebuah class tdk bisa diakses langsung dari luar class tapi melalui method. sedangkan method biasanya dibuat public  sehingga bisa dipangggil dari luar class, sedangkan method yg private digunakan hanya dlm class itu sendiri(dipanggil/digunakan oleh method dlm kelas yg sama) sehingga private method disebut “helper method” .<br /> <br /> Untuk memanggil method di dlm class yg sama cukup dengan menulis nama method beserta argument tiap parameternya. Sedangkan untuk memanggil method yg mempunyai akses public dari class yg berbeda harus menggunakan format nama_referensi_objek.nama_method.<br /> <br /> <a href="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/aksesmodifier.jpg"><img alt="aksesmodifier" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-4843" data-attachment-id="4843" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="aksesmodifier" data-large-file="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/aksesmodifier.jpg?w=604?w=441" data-medium-file="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/aksesmodifier.jpg?w=604?w=300" data-orig-file="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/aksesmodifier.jpg?w=604" data-orig-size="441,412" data-permalink="https://pccontrol.wordpress.com/dasar-c/aksesmodifier/" sizes="(max-width: 441px) 100vw, 441px" src="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/aksesmodifier.jpg?w=604" srcset="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/aksesmodifier.jpg 441w, https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/aksesmodifier.jpg?w=150 150w, https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/aksesmodifier.jpg?w=300 300w" /></a><br /> <b>contoh program C# yg terdiri dari 2 class</b><br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_957965"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11</div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12</div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13</div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14</div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15</div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16</div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17</div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18</div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> 19</div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> 20</div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> 21</div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> 22</div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> 23</div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> 24</div> <br /> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> 25</div> <br /> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> 26</div> <br /> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> 27</div> <br /> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> 28</div> <br /> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> 29</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">using</code> <code class="csharp plain">System;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">classpertama</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp keyword">static</code> <code class="csharp keyword">void</code> <code class="csharp plain">Main(</code><code class="csharp keyword">string</code><code class="csharp plain">[] args)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">Console.WriteLine(</code><code class="csharp string">" Apa kabar1? "</code><code class="csharp plain">)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">classkedua objek1 = </code><code class="csharp keyword">new</code> <code class="csharp plain">classkedua();</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">objek1.tampil();</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">Console.WriteLine(</code><code class="csharp string">"data class ke 2 "</code><code class="csharp plain">);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">Console.WriteLine(objek1.usia);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">Console.readline()  </code><code class="csharp comments">// supaya console tdk langsung menutup</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code>  <code class="csharp plain">classkedua</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">usia =10;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">void</code> <code class="csharp plain">tampil()      </code><code class="csharp comments">// akses modifier method ini diset public , supaya bisa diakses dari luar class ini.</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">Console.WriteLine(</code><code class="csharp string">"Apa kabar2? "</code><code class="csharp plain">);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> Jika sebuah program C# terdiri banyak class ,eksekusi program akan di mulai pada class yang memiliki methode Main().  Class yg memiliki method main disebut sebagai entry point.<br /> <br /> Pada class kedua,  method tampil() akses modifiernya ‘public’  supaya method ini bisa dipangggil dari luar class kelaskedua.<br /> <br /> Properties<br /> <br /> Pada class kedua contoh diatas, akses modifier data adalah public :<br /> <br /> public int usia = 10;<br /> <br /> Keadaan ini tidak baik sebab data bisa dirubah dgn mudah dari luar class . misalnya program kita sudah besar dan kompleks bisa terjadi ada baris program yg merubah data tanpa sengaja. Untuk mencegah hal ini maka diatasi dgn cara data(instance variable usia) dibuat menjadi private dan membuat properties yg bertugas mengakses data secara aman.<br /> <br /> Anggota class private tidak dapat diakses langsung dari luar class. Akses ke data private harus dikontrol secara hati-hati dengan method dlm class yg sama .<br /> Untuk memungkinkan class lain untuk membaca nilai data private , class dapat mendefinisikan properties yang memungkinkan kode klien untuk mengakses data private ini dengan aman . Propertinya berisi method accessor yang menangani rincian memodifikasi dan menbaca data.<br /> <br /> Definisi properti dapat berisi accessor get , accessor set atau keduanya .<br /> – accessor get memungkinkan klien untuk membaca nilai data private ;<br /> – accessor set memungkinkan klien untuk mengubah nilai tersebut.<br /> <br /> Properties tampaknya akan melanggar gagasan data private . Namun, accessor set dapat memberikan kemampuan data validasi (seperti pemeriksaan range data yg valid ) untuk memastikan bahwa nilai yg di set benar . Sebuah accessor set juga dapat menerjemahkan antara format data yang digunakan dalam  antarmuka.<br /> Demikian pula, accessor get tidak perlu mengekspos data dalam format aslinya, lebih tepatnya accessor get dapat mengedit data dan membatasi pandangan klien dari data tersebut.<br /> <br /> berikut ini contoh property Umur memanipulasi instance variable usia<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_873656"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11</div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12</div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">Umur</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp keyword">get</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp keyword">return</code> <code class="csharp plain">usia;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp keyword">set</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp plain">usia = ( ( value >= 17 && value < 55 ) ? value : 0 );</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp plain">} </code><code class="csharp comments">//</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> &nbsp;<br /> <br /> contoh program lengkapnya:<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_343542"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11</div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12</div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13</div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14</div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15</div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16</div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17</div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18</div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> 19</div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> 20</div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> 21</div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> 22</div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> 23</div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> 24</div> <br /> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> 25</div> <br /> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> 26</div> <br /> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> 27</div> <br /> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> 28</div> <br /> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> 29</div> <br /> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> 30</div> <br /> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> 31</div> <br /> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> 32</div> <br /> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> 33</div> <br /> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> 34</div> <br /> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> 35</div> <br /> <div class="line number36 index35 alt1"> 36</div> <br /> <div class="line number37 index36 alt2"> 37</div> <br /> <div class="line number38 index37 alt1"> 38</div> <br /> <div class="line number39 index38 alt2"> 39</div> <br /> <div class="line number40 index39 alt1"> 40</div> <br /> <div class="line number41 index40 alt2"> 41</div> <br /> <div class="line number42 index41 alt1"> 42</div> <br /> <div class="line number43 index42 alt2"> 43</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">using</code> <code class="csharp plain">System;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">classpertama</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp keyword">static</code> <code class="csharp keyword">void</code> <code class="csharp plain">Main(</code><code class="csharp keyword">string</code><code class="csharp plain">[] args)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">Console.WriteLine(</code><code class="csharp string">" Apa kabar1? "</code><code class="csharp plain">)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">classkedua objek1 = </code><code class="csharp keyword">new</code> <code class="csharp plain">classkedua();</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">objek1.tampil();</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">Console.WriteLine(</code><code class="csharp string">"data class ke 2 "</code><code class="csharp plain">);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">Console.WriteLine(objek.Umur);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp comments">//menset nilai instance variable usia melalui property Umur</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">objek1.Umur = 35;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp comments">//tambahkan baris kode berikut supaya ,console tdk close:</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">Console.ReadLine();</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">classkedua</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp keyword">private</code> <code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">usia =10;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">Umur</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp keyword">get</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp keyword">return</code> <code class="csharp plain">usia;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp keyword">set</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp plain">usia = ( ( value >= 17 && value < 55 ) ? value : 0 );</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number36 index35 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number37 index36 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp plain">} </code><code class="csharp comments">//</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number38 index37 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">void</code> <code class="csharp plain">tampil()      </code><code class="csharp comments">// akses modifier method ini diset public , supaya bisa diakses dari luar class ini.</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number39 index38 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number40 index39 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">Console.WriteLine(</code><code class="csharp string">"Apa kabar2? "</code><code class="csharp plain">);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number41 index40 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number42 index41 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number43 index42 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> Namespace dan using<br /> <br /> Namespace adalah kata kunci yang digunakan untuk mengorganisasikan class class. Pengorganisasian class class pada namespace mirip direktory direktory yg penyimpan file,<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_281640"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">Namespace  nama_namespace</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">Class  class1</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">Class class2</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> class library yg sudah disediakan juga disimpan dlm namespace , untuk menggunakan class yg ada di class library kita harus menyertakan namespace nya dgn perintah “using” contoh:<br /> <br /> using  System   :  menyertakan class class utama kedalam program .<br /> <br /> Berikut ini  beberapa namespace  yg sudah  tersedia di framework class library (FCL)   :<br /> <br /> -System.Data  : Berisi class  yang membentuk ADO NET, digunakan untuk database. akses dan manipulasi.<br /> -System.Drawing : Berisi class yang digunakan untuk menggambar dan grafis.<br /> -System.IO : Berisi class untuk input dan output data, seperti   pada akses  file.<br /> – dan masih banyak lagi..<br /> <br /> Aktualnya  framework class library pada C# adalah file file berektensi  *.dll<br /> <br /> Namespace Bercabang/berjenjang<br /> <br /> Seperti halnya direktory, namespace juga bisa bercabang/berjenjang contoh<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_776923"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11</div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12</div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13</div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14</div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15</div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16</div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17</div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">namespaceA1</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp plain">namespaceB</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">class1</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">namespaceC</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">class2</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> Untuk mengakses/menggunakan class1 dengan cara<br /> <br /> using namespaceA.namespaceB<br /> <br /> Parameter Method<br /> <br /> Di dalam C# ada 3  jenis parameter yaitu   parameter nilai, parameter referensi  dan parameter output.  berikut ini contoh perbedaan parameter nilai   dan parameter referensi:<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_319620"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11</div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12</div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13</div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14</div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15</div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16</div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17</div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18</div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> 19</div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> 20</div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> 21</div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> 22</div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> 23</div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> 24</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">using</code> <code class="csharp plain">System;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="csharp keyword">using</code> <code class="csharp plain">System.Collections.Generic;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">using</code> <code class="csharp plain">System.Linq;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="csharp keyword">using</code> <code class="csharp plain">System.Text;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">namespace</code> <code class="csharp plain">testParameter</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">Program</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="csharp comments">// var1 sbg parameter nilai, var2 sebagai parameter referensi</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">static</code> <code class="csharp keyword">void</code> <code class="csharp plain">jumlah(</code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">var1, </code><code class="csharp keyword">ref</code> <code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">var2)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">var1 = var1 + 5;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">var2 = var2 + 5;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp keyword">static</code> <code class="csharp keyword">void</code> <code class="csharp plain">Main(</code><code class="csharp keyword">string</code><code class="csharp plain">[] args)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">var1 = 10;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> <code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">var2 = 10;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">jumlah(var1, </code><code class="csharp keyword">ref</code> <code class="csharp plain">var2);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">Console.WriteLine(</code><code class="csharp string">"Nilai var1 = {0}"</code><code class="csharp plain">, var1);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">Console.WriteLine(</code><code class="csharp string">"Nilai var2 = {0}"</code><code class="csharp plain">, var2);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> Jika program di atas dijalankan akan menghasilkan output sbb:<br /> <br /> <i>Nilai var1=10</i><br /> <br /> <i>Nilai var2=15</i><br /> <br /> Kita melihat dari hasil tsb : setelah method  jumlah() dijalankan,    parameter nilai  tdk merubah variabel di luar method sedangkan parameter referensi merubah nilai  variable diluar method.<br /> <br /> Contoh C# class calculator<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_512213"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11</div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12</div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13</div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14</div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15</div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16</div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17</div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18</div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> 19</div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> 20</div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> 21</div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> 22</div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> 23</div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> 24</div> <br /> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> 25</div> <br /> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> 26</div> <br /> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> 27</div> <br /> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> 28</div> <br /> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> 29</div> <br /> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> 30</div> <br /> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> 31</div> <br /> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> 32</div> <br /> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> 33</div> <br /> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> 34</div> <br /> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> 35</div> <br /> <div class="line number36 index35 alt1"> 36</div> <br /> <div class="line number37 index36 alt2"> 37</div> <br /> <div class="line number38 index37 alt1"> 38</div> <br /> <div class="line number39 index38 alt2"> 39</div> <br /> <div class="line number40 index39 alt1"> 40</div> <br /> <div class="line number41 index40 alt2"> 41</div> <br /> <div class="line number42 index41 alt1"> 42</div> <br /> <div class="line number43 index42 alt2"> 43</div> <br /> <div class="line number44 index43 alt1"> 44</div> <br /> <div class="line number45 index44 alt2"> 45</div> <br /> <div class="line number46 index45 alt1"> 46</div> <br /> <div class="line number47 index46 alt2"> 47</div> <br /> <div class="line number48 index47 alt1"> 48</div> <br /> <div class="line number49 index48 alt2"> 49</div> <br /> <div class="line number50 index49 alt1"> 50</div> <br /> <div class="line number51 index50 alt2"> 51</div> <br /> <div class="line number52 index51 alt1"> 52</div> <br /> <div class="line number53 index52 alt2"> 53</div> <br /> <div class="line number54 index53 alt1"> 54</div> <br /> <div class="line number55 index54 alt2"> 55</div> <br /> <div class="line number56 index55 alt1"> 56</div> <br /> <div class="line number57 index56 alt2"> 57</div> <br /> <div class="line number58 index57 alt1"> 58</div> <br /> <div class="line number59 index58 alt2"> 59</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">using</code> <code class="csharp plain">System;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="csharp keyword">using</code> <code class="csharp plain">System.Collections.Generic;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">using</code> <code class="csharp plain">System.Linq;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="csharp keyword">using</code> <code class="csharp plain">System.Text;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="csharp keyword">namespace</code> <code class="csharp plain">kalkulator</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">class_pertama</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">       </code><code class="csharp keyword">static</code> <code class="csharp keyword">void</code> <code class="csharp plain">Main(</code><code class="csharp keyword">string</code><code class="csharp plain">[] args)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">       </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">           </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">hasiljumlah=0;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">           </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">bil1 = 30;i</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">           </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">bil2 = 5;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> <code class="csharp comments">//===membuat objek casiocalc ===================</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">               </code><code class="csharp plain">classkalkulator casiocalc = </code><code class="csharp keyword">new</code> <code class="csharp plain">classkalkulatorku(</code><code class="csharp string">"casio"</code><code class="csharp plain">);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">               </code><code class="csharp plain">hasiljumlah = casiocalc.jumlah(bil1 , bil2);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">               </code><code class="csharp plain">casiocalc.tampilkanhasil(hasiljumlah);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> <code class="csharp comments">//===membuat objek polytroncalc ================</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">         </code><code class="csharp plain">classkalkulator polytroncalc = </code><code class="csharp keyword">new</code> <code class="csharp plain">classkalkulatorku(</code><code class="csharp string">"polytron"</code><code class="csharp plain">);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">          </code><code class="csharp plain">hasiljumlah = polytroncalc.jumlah(bil1, bil2);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">          </code><code class="csharp plain">polytroncalc.tampilkanhasil(hasiljumlah);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">          </code><code class="csharp plain">System.Console.ReadLine(); </code><code class="csharp comments">// supaya console tdklangsung close</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">          </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">         </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">classkalkulatorku</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number36 index35 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">        </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp plain">classkalkulator(</code><code class="csharp keyword">string</code> <code class="csharp plain">merk) </code><code class="csharp comments">// constructor</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number37 index36 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">          </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number38 index37 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">          </code><code class="csharp plain">System.Console.WriteLine(</code><code class="csharp string">"=====object dibuat============"</code><code class="csharp plain">);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number39 index38 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">          </code><code class="csharp plain">System.Console.WriteLine(</code><code class="csharp string">"buatan "</code> <code class="csharp plain">+ merk);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number40 index39 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">          </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number41 index40 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number42 index41 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">       </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">jumlah(</code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">bil1, </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">bil2)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number43 index42 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">        </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number44 index43 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">        </code><code class="csharp keyword">return</code> <code class="csharp plain">bil1 + bil2;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number45 index44 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">        </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number46 index45 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number47 index46 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">        </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">kurang(</code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">bil1, </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">bil2)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number48 index47 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">        </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number49 index48 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">        </code><code class="csharp keyword">return</code> <code class="csharp plain">bil1 - bil2;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number50 index49 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">        </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number51 index50 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number52 index51 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">         </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">void</code> <code class="csharp plain">tampilkanhasil(</code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">hasil)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number53 index52 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">         </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number54 index53 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">        </code><code class="csharp plain">System.Console.WriteLine(</code><code class="csharp string">"hasil operasi = {0}"</code><code class="csharp plain">, hasil);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number55 index54 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number56 index55 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">         </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number57 index56 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number58 index57 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number59 index58 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">}  </code><code class="csharp comments">// penutup  namespace</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> <br /> <br /> Method Overloading<br /> <br /> Method overloading adalah method dgn nama yang sama tetapi mempunyai parameter yang berbeda. contoh<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_455589"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">hitung luaspersegipanjang(</code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">panjang, </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">lebar)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">luas = panjang * lebar;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="csharp keyword">return</code> <code class="csharp plain">luas</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">double</code> <code class="csharp plain">hitung luaspersegipanjang(</code><code class="csharp keyword">double</code> <code class="csharp plain">panjang, </code><code class="csharp keyword">double</code> <code class="csharp plain">lebar)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">double</code> <code class="csharp plain">luas = panjang * lebar;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="csharp keyword">return</code> <code class="csharp plain">luas</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> pada contoh diatas kedua method mempunyai nama yg sama yaitu luaspersegipanjang akan tetapi keduanya mempunyai parameter yg berbeda , method pertama parameternya berupa bilangan integer method kedua parameternya bilangan double. C# akan secara otomatis menyesuaikan method mana yg dipakai berdasar nilai parameter yg diberikaan.<br /> <br /> Overload Constructor<br /> <br /> Seperti method, constructor juga bisa di overload artinya setia objek dijalankan akan ada consructor yg dijalankan sesui jumlah, type atau urutan argument yg diberikan untuk parameter constructornya.<br /> <br /> contoh<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_315124"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11</div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12</div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13</div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14</div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15</div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16</div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17</div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">serialkomunikasi</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp plain">serialkomunikasi( </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">baudrate)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp plain">serialkomunikasi(</code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">baudrate, </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">data )</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">penggunaanSerial</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp keyword">static</code> <code class="csharp keyword">void</code> <code class="csharp plain">Main(</code><code class="csharp keyword">string</code><code class="csharp plain">[] args)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">seserialkomunikasi Com1 = </code><code class="csharp keyword">new</code> <code class="csharp plain">serialkomunikasi(9600);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> <code class="csharp comments">// atau</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">serialkomunikasi Com1 = </code><code class="csharp keyword">new</code> <code class="csharp plain">serialkomunikasi(9600,8);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> Komposisi<br /> <br /> Komposisi adalah member class yg berupa Objek Referensi dari class Lain<br /> Pada situasi tertentu membuat referensi obyek yang sudah ada lebih mudah daripada menulis ulang kode objek untuk class baru dalam proyek-proyek baru.<br /> Penggunaan referensi ke obyek dari sebuah class yang sudah ada sebagai anggota objek baru ini disebut komposisi.<br /> Salah satu bentuk reusable dlm perangkat lunak adalah komposisi, di mana member class memiliki referensi ke objek dari class lainnya.<br /> <br /> contoh<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_356246"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">test</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp keyword">private</code> <code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">x =100;          /</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp keyword">private</code> <code class="csharp plain">casio   kalkulator;  </code><code class="csharp comments">//  casio adalah objek class kalkulator</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp plain">test ()   </code><code class="csharp comments">//constructor</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> Penggunaan referensi “this”<br /> <br /> Setiap objek dapat mengakses referensi ke dirinya sendiri, yang disebut referensi this. Referensi this dapat merujuk secara implisit ke variable instance, properties dan method dari sebuah objek.<br /> Keyword this umumnya digunakan di dalam methods, di mana this adalah referensi ke objek yang sedang digunakan oleh method tsb.<br /> <br /> Contoh this<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter plain" id="highlighter_338408"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11</div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="plain plain">class contohsaja</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="plain plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="plain plain">private int  dataku =10;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="plain plain">public int tambahkan()</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">   </code><code class="plain plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">   </code><code class="plain plain">int dataku = 33;   // variable lokal</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">   </code><code class="plain plain">this.dataku++;     // instance variable dataku + 1 = 10 +1</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">   </code><code class="plain plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> <code class="plain plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> this.dataku mengacu ke instace variable (private int dataku =10 , bukan lokal variable int dataku =33 ).<br /> <br /> Inheritance  (pewarisan)<br /> <br /> Kita bisa membuat class baru dengan cara menurunkan(inherit) class yg sudah ada. Jadi kita tidak perlu repot membuat class baru dari nol . Sebagai contoh kita ingin membuat class kalkulator Statistik yg mempunyai method hitung rata rata. Kita tak perlu membuat class kalkulator statistik baru dari awal ,kita bisa membuat class  turunan dari class  kalkulator yg sudah ada.<br /> Member Class turunan dapat mengakses member class  public  dan protected dari class induk. Member class protected dari class induk dapat diakses oleh class turunan<br /> Method dari class induk dapat ditulis kembali (redefined) di kelas turunannya dalam bentuk :<br /> – Abstract method pada class abstract (class induk yg berisi abstrak method)<br /> – Virtual method pada non class abstract.<br /> method yg ditulis kembali di dahului oleh keyword “override”<br /> <br /> Objek dari classInduk adalah bukan objek classTurunan, objek classTurunan adalah objek classInduk. misal class induk : mobil  class turunan : toyota,honda,hyundai  ,toyota (sudah pasti) adalah mobil tapi mobil adalah bukan toyota.<br /> <br /> kalau sebuah class tdk tertulis class induk maka sebenarnya class tersebut adalah turunan dari class “object” . Class object adalah class induk dari semua class yg ada di C#, termasuk class yg kita buat sendiri.<br /> <br /> <a href="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/classturunan.jpg"><img alt="classturunan" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-4782" data-attachment-id="4782" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="classturunan" data-large-file="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/classturunan.jpg?w=604?w=233" data-medium-file="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/classturunan.jpg?w=604?w=214" data-orig-file="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/classturunan.jpg?w=604" data-orig-size="233,327" data-permalink="https://pccontrol.wordpress.com/dasar-c/classturunan/" sizes="(max-width: 233px) 100vw, 233px" src="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/classturunan.jpg?w=604" srcset="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/classturunan.jpg 233w, https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/classturunan.jpg?w=107 107w" /></a><br /> Contoh Penerapan class induk – class turunan pada aplikasi kalkulator<br /> <br /> ..<br /> <a href="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/inheritance.jpg"><img alt="inheritance" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-4764" data-attachment-id="4764" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="inheritance" data-large-file="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/inheritance.jpg?w=604&h=428?w=604" data-medium-file="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/inheritance.jpg?w=604&h=428?w=300" data-orig-file="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/inheritance.jpg?w=604&h=428" data-orig-size="982,697" data-permalink="https://pccontrol.wordpress.com/dasar-c/inheritance/" height="428" sizes="(max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px" src="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/inheritance.jpg?w=604&h=428" srcset="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/inheritance.jpg?w=604&h=428 604w, https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/inheritance.jpg?w=150&h=106 150w, https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/inheritance.jpg?w=300&h=213 300w, https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/inheritance.jpg?w=768&h=545 768w, https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/inheritance.jpg 982w" width="604" /></a><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Berikut ini contoh Diagram   Class induk kalkulatorSederhana dan 2 buah Class turunannya.<br /> <br /> <a href="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/classinheritence.jpg"><img alt="classinheritence" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-4770" data-attachment-id="4770" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="classinheritence" data-large-file="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/classinheritence.jpg?w=604?w=485" data-medium-file="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/classinheritence.jpg?w=604?w=300" data-orig-file="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/classinheritence.jpg?w=604" data-orig-size="485,265" data-permalink="https://pccontrol.wordpress.com/dasar-c/classinheritence/" sizes="(max-width: 485px) 100vw, 485px" src="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/classinheritence.jpg?w=604" srcset="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/classinheritence.jpg 485w, https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/classinheritence.jpg?w=150 150w, https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/classinheritence.jpg?w=300 300w" /></a><br /> <br /> Class turunan mewarisi data dan method dari Class induk , melihat pada contoh diatas  kedua Class turunan tdk perlu lagi membuat method jumlah() dan method kurang()  karena  Class turunan mewarisi keduanya.<br /> <br /> Cara Class induk mewarisi Class turunannya:<br /> <br /> NamaClass_Turunan : namaClass_Induk<br /> <br /> Constructor class induk dan class turunan<br /> <br /> Saat objek class turunan dibuat maka constructor class induk dijalankan lebih dahulu baru setelah itu constructor objek turunan dijalankan. Kalau class induk juga berinduk (diturunkan dari) ke class lain,maka class lain tsb yg pertama kali dijalankan begitu seterusnya. Constructor yg pertama kali dijalankan adalah constroctor class object karena kelas tsb adalah kelas induk dari semua class.<br /> <br /> contoh :<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_135111"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11</div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12</div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13</div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14</div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15</div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16</div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17</div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18</div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> 19</div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> 20</div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> 21</div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> 22</div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> 23</div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> 24</div> <br /> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> 25</div> <br /> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> 26</div> <br /> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> 27</div> <br /> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> 28</div> <br /> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> 29</div> <br /> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> 30</div> <br /> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> 31</div> <br /> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> 32</div> <br /> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> 33</div> <br /> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> 34</div> <br /> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> 35</div> <br /> <div class="line number36 index35 alt1"> 36</div> <br /> <div class="line number37 index36 alt2"> 37</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">kakek</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp plain">kakek()   </code><code class="csharp comments">//secara implisit memanggil constructor "object"</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp plain">kakek()   </code><code class="csharp comments">//constructor</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">console.writeln(</code><code class="csharp string">" konstruktor kakek"</code><code class="csharp plain">);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">bapak : kakek</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp plain">bapak()  </code><code class="csharp comments">// secara implisit memanggil construktor kakek</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp plain">bapak()   </code><code class="csharp comments">//constructor</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">console.writeln(</code><code class="csharp string">" konstruktor bapak"</code><code class="csharp plain">);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">anak : bapak</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp plain">anak()  </code><code class="csharp comments">// secara implisit memanggil constructor bapak</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp plain">anak()   </code><code class="csharp comments">//constructor</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">console.writeln(</code><code class="csharp string">" konstruktor anak"</code><code class="csharp plain">);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">test</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number36 index35 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp plain">anak anak1  = </code><code class="csharp keyword">new</code> <code class="csharp plain">anak()   </code><code class="csharp comments">// buat objek anak1 dari class anak.</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number37 index36 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> Ketika objek anak1 dibuat maka konstruktor kakek yg pertama dijalankan lalu kontruktor bapak lalu konstroktor anak<br /> <br /> Constructor dgn parameter<br /> <br /> Untuk menjalankan constructor class induk yg mempunyai parameter kita dapat menuliskan dgn:<br /> constructorTurunan(parameter) : base(parameter)<br /> <br /> contoh<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_328671"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11</div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12</div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13</div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14</div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15</div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16</div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17</div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18</div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> 19</div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> 20</div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> 21</div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> 22</div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> 23</div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> 24</div> <br /> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> 25</div> <br /> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> 26</div> <br /> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> 27</div> <br /> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> 28</div> <br /> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> 29</div> <br /> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> 30</div> <br /> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> 31</div> <br /> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> 32</div> <br /> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> 33</div> <br /> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> 34</div> <br /> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> 35</div> <br /> <div class="line number36 index35 alt1"> 36</div> <br /> <div class="line number37 index36 alt2"> 37</div> <br /> <div class="line number38 index37 alt1"> 38</div> <br /> <div class="line number39 index38 alt2"> 39</div> <br /> <div class="line number40 index39 alt1"> 40</div> <br /> <div class="line number41 index40 alt2"> 41</div> <br /> <div class="line number42 index41 alt1"> 42</div> <br /> <div class="line number43 index42 alt2"> 43</div> <br /> <div class="line number44 index43 alt1"> 44</div> <br /> <div class="line number45 index44 alt2"> 45</div> <br /> <div class="line number46 index45 alt1"> 46</div> <br /> <div class="line number47 index46 alt2"> 47</div> <br /> <div class="line number48 index47 alt1"> 48</div> <br /> <div class="line number49 index48 alt2"> 49</div> <br /> <div class="line number50 index49 alt1"> 50</div> <br /> <div class="line number51 index50 alt2"> 51</div> <br /> <div class="line number52 index51 alt1"> 52</div> <br /> <div class="line number53 index52 alt2"> 53</div> <br /> <div class="line number54 index53 alt1"> 54</div> <br /> <div class="line number55 index54 alt2"> 55</div> <br /> <div class="line number56 index55 alt1"> 56</div> <br /> <div class="line number57 index56 alt2"> 57</div> <br /> <div class="line number58 index57 alt1"> 58</div> <br /> <div class="line number59 index58 alt2"> 59</div> <br /> <div class="line number60 index59 alt1"> 60</div> <br /> <div class="line number61 index60 alt2"> 61</div> <br /> <div class="line number62 index61 alt1"> 62</div> <br /> <div class="line number63 index62 alt2"> 63</div> <br /> <div class="line number64 index63 alt1"> 64</div> <br /> <div class="line number65 index64 alt2"> 65</div> <br /> <div class="line number66 index65 alt1"> 66</div> <br /> <div class="line number67 index66 alt2"> 67</div> <br /> <div class="line number68 index67 alt1"> 68</div> <br /> <div class="line number69 index68 alt2"> 69</div> <br /> <div class="line number70 index69 alt1"> 70</div> <br /> <div class="line number71 index70 alt2"> 71</div> <br /> <div class="line number72 index71 alt1"> 72</div> <br /> <div class="line number73 index72 alt2"> 73</div> <br /> <div class="line number74 index73 alt1"> 74</div> <br /> <div class="line number75 index74 alt2"> 75</div> <br /> <div class="line number76 index75 alt1"> 76</div> <br /> <div class="line number77 index76 alt2"> 77</div> <br /> <div class="line number78 index77 alt1"> 78</div> <br /> <div class="line number79 index78 alt2"> 79</div> <br /> <div class="line number80 index79 alt1"> 80</div> <br /> <div class="line number81 index80 alt2"> 81</div> <br /> <div class="line number82 index81 alt1"> 82</div> <br /> <div class="line number83 index82 alt2"> 83</div> <br /> <div class="line number84 index83 alt1"> 84</div> <br /> <div class="line number85 index84 alt2"> 85</div> <br /> <div class="line number86 index85 alt1"> 86</div> <br /> <div class="line number87 index86 alt2"> 87</div> <br /> <div class="line number88 index87 alt1"> 88</div> <br /> <div class="line number89 index88 alt2"> 89</div> <br /> <div class="line number90 index89 alt1"> 90</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">namespace</code> <code class="csharp plain">inheritance</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">koordinat</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp keyword">protected</code> <code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">X, Y;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">       </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp plain">koordinat()</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp comments">// implicit call to Object constructor occurs here</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">Console.WriteLine(</code><code class="csharp string">"constructor1 point, empty"</code><code class="csharp plain">);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp comments">// constructor  dgn parameter</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp plain">point( </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">xValue, </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">yValue )</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">X = xValue; </code><code class="csharp comments">// use property X</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">Y = yValue; </code><code class="csharp comments">// use property Y</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">Console.WriteLine(</code><code class="csharp string">"constructor2 point, set X dan Y"</code><code class="csharp plain">);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> <code class="csharp comments">// return string representation of koordinat</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">override</code> <code class="csharp keyword">string</code> <code class="csharp plain">ToString()</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp keyword">return</code> <code class="csharp string">"["</code> <code class="csharp plain">+ X + </code><code class="csharp string">", "</code> <code class="csharp plain">+ Y + </code><code class="csharp string">"]"</code><code class="csharp plain">;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code><code class="csharp comments">//end of class koordinat</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> <code class="csharp comments">//================================================</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> <code class="csharp comments">// kelas lingkaran mempunyai base class koordinat</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> <code class="csharp comments">//=============================================</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">lingkaran: koordinat</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">        </code><code class="csharp keyword">private</code> <code class="csharp keyword">double</code> <code class="csharp plain">jari_jari;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number36 index35 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp comments">// default constructor</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number37 index36 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">publiclingkaran()</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number38 index37 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number39 index38 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp comments">// implicit call to koordinat constructor occurs here</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number40 index39 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">Console.WriteLine(</code><code class="csharp string">"constructor1 lingkaran, empty"</code><code class="csharp plain">);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number41 index40 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number42 index41 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number43 index42 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp comments">// constructor</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number44 index43 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp plain">lingkaran( </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">nilaiX, </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">nilaiY, </code><code class="csharp keyword">double</code> <code class="csharp plain">nilaiR ) : </code><code class="csharp keyword">base</code><code class="csharp plain">( nilaiX, nilaiY )</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number45 index44 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number46 index45 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">jari_jari = nilaiR;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number47 index46 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">       </code><code class="csharp plain">Console.WriteLine(</code><code class="csharp string">"constructor2 lingkaran, set jari jari"</code><code class="csharp plain">);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number48 index47 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number49 index48 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number50 index49 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp comments">// property</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number51 index50 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">double</code> <code class="csharp plain">Jari_Jari</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number52 index51 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number53 index52 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">           </code><code class="csharp keyword">get</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number54 index53 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">           </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number55 index54 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">            </code><code class="csharp keyword">return</code> <code class="csharp plain">jari_jari;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number56 index55 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">            </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number57 index56 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number58 index57 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">           </code><code class="csharp keyword">set</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number59 index58 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">            </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number60 index59 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">           </code><code class="csharp plain">jari_jari = value;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number61 index60 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">            </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number62 index61 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number63 index62 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">       </code><code class="csharp plain">} </code></div> <br /> <div class="line number64 index63 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number65 index64 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">       </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">override</code> <code class="csharp keyword">string</code> <code class="csharp plain">ToString()</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number66 index65 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">       </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number67 index66 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number68 index67 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">         </code><code class="csharp keyword">return</code> <code class="csharp string">"koordinat x,y = "</code> <code class="csharp plain">+ </code><code class="csharp keyword">base</code><code class="csharp plain">.ToString() +  </code><code class="csharp string">";jari-jari lingkaran = "</code> <code class="csharp plain">+ Jari_Jari;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number69 index68 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">        </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number70 index69 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number71 index70 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">} </code><code class="csharp comments">//  end of class</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number72 index71 alt1"> <code class="csharp comments">//=================================</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number73 index72 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number74 index73 alt1"> <code class="csharp comments">// class test </code></div> <br /> <div class="line number75 index74 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number76 index75 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces"> </code><code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">ProgramTest</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number77 index76 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number78 index77 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">        </code><code class="csharp keyword">static</code> <code class="csharp keyword">void</code> <code class="csharp plain">Main(</code><code class="csharp keyword">string</code><code class="csharp plain">[] args)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number79 index78 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">        </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number80 index79 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number81 index80 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">            </code><code class="csharp comments">//=========================</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number82 index81 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">            </code><code class="csharp plain">lingkaran lingkaran1 = </code><code class="csharp keyword">new</code> <code class="csharp plain">lingkaran(3,4,5);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number83 index82 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number84 index83 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">            </code><code class="csharp plain">Console.WriteLine(lingkaran.ToString());</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number85 index84 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number86 index85 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">            </code><code class="csharp plain">Console.ReadLine();</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number87 index86 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">        </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code><code class="csharp comments">//end of main</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number88 index87 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">} </code><code class="csharp comments">//end off class ProgramTest</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number89 index88 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number90 index89 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">} </code><code class="csharp comments">//end of namespace</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> Perhatikan cara constructor class turunan menyertakan constructor base class yg berparameter (digunakan untuk inisialisasi objek class turunan dan objek class induk)<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_710209"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp comments">// constructor</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp plain">lingkaran( </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">nilaiX, </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">nilaiY, </code><code class="csharp keyword">double</code> <code class="csharp plain">nilaiR ) : </code><code class="csharp keyword">base</code><code class="csharp plain">( nilaiX, nilaiY )</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">jari_jari = nilaiR;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">Console.WriteLine(</code><code class="csharp string">"constructor2 lingkaran, set jari jari"</code><code class="csharp plain">);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> Class Abstrak<br /> Class Abstrak adalah class yg digunakan sebagai Class induk dan methodnya tidak ada implemantasinya hanya berupa deklarasi saja . Implementasi dari class abstrak dilakukan pada class turunannya. Class turunan wajib meng-implementasi semua method abstrak dari class induk. Class abstrak di dahului keyword “abstract”<br /> <br /> contoh class abstrak :<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter plain" id="highlighter_965417"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="plain plain">public abstract class  mobil   // mobil adalah class abstrak</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="plain plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">      </code><code class="plain plain">public abstract starterMesin(); // method abstract krn tdk ada implentasi</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">      </code><code class="plain plain">public abstract tekanPedalGas();</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">      </code><code class="plain plain">public abstract tekanPedalRem();</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="plain plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> Method abstrak<br /> <br /> Method abstrak hanya ada di dalam class abstrak, penulisan method ini  di dahului dgn keyword “abstract”. Method abstrak tidak mempunyai implementasi hanya deklarasi saja.<br /> <br /> contoh  Class dan method abstrak :<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_370997"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11</div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12</div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13</div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14</div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15</div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16</div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17</div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18</div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> 19</div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> 20</div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> 21</div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> 22</div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> 23</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">namespace</code> <code class="csharp plain">contohClassAbstak</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">abstract</code> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">kalkulatorInduk</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">abstract</code> <code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">jumlah(</code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">x, </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">y);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">publik </code><code class="csharp keyword">abstract</code> <code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">kurang(</code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">x, </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">y);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">statistikKalkulator : kalkulatorInduk </code><code class="csharp comments">// kalkulatorInduk sbg class induk</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">override</code> <code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">jumlah(</code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">x, </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">y)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp keyword">return</code> <code class="csharp plain">x + y;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">override</code> <code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">jumlah(</code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">x, </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">y)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp keyword">return</code> <code class="csharp plain">x - y;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp plain">} </code><code class="csharp comments">// penutup class</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">} </code><code class="csharp comments">//penutupn namespace</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> <br /> <br /> Method Virtual<br /> berbeda dgn method abstract, method virtual adalah method dari class induk yg ditulis kembali dari pada class turunan dan pada class induk method tsb juga punya implementasinya .<br /> <br /> Contoh:<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_461766"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11</div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12</div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13</div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14</div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15</div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">classInduk</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">virtual</code> <code class="csharp plain">methodA</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">        </code><code class="csharp comments">//code program</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">classAnak : classInduk</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">override</code> <code class="csharp plain">methodA</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">        </code><code class="csharp comments">//code program</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">      </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> <a href="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/contohoverride.jpg"><img alt="contohoverride" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-4830" data-attachment-id="4830" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="contohoverride" data-large-file="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/contohoverride.jpg?w=604&h=396?w=604" data-medium-file="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/contohoverride.jpg?w=604&h=396?w=300" data-orig-file="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/contohoverride.jpg?w=604&h=396" data-orig-size="1043,685" data-permalink="https://pccontrol.wordpress.com/dasar-c/contohoverride/" height="396" sizes="(max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px" src="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/contohoverride.jpg?w=604&h=396" srcset="https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/contohoverride.jpg?w=604&h=396 604w, https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/contohoverride.jpg?w=150&h=99 150w, https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/contohoverride.jpg?w=300&h=197 300w, https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/contohoverride.jpg?w=768&h=504 768w, https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/contohoverride.jpg?w=1024&h=673 1024w, https://pccontrol.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/contohoverride.jpg 1043w" width="604" /></a><br /> <br /> Menyembunyikan method  class induk dgn keyword  “new”<br /> <br /> jika kita ingin membuat method baru di kelas turunan yg sama dgn method dikelas induk dan kita ingin method yg dikelas induk  disembunyikan  kita tambahkan keyword new dimethod kelas turunan.<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_518432"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11</div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12</div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13</div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14</div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15</div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16</div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17</div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18</div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> 19</div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> 20</div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> 21</div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> 22</div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> 23</div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> 24</div> <br /> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> 25</div> <br /> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> 26</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">using</code> <code class="csharp plain">System;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">induk</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">void</code> <code class="csharp plain">methodInduk()</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">Console.WriteLine(</code><code class="csharp string">" method induk"</code><code class="csharp plain">);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">anak : induk</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">   </code><code class="csharp keyword">public</code> <code class="csharp keyword">new</code> <code class="csharp keyword">void</code> <code class="csharp plain">methodInduk() </code><code class="csharp comments">// method ini menyembunyikan methodinduk dari base class.</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">console.WriteLine(</code><code class="csharp string">"method anak"</code><code class="csharp plain">);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> <code class="csharp keyword">class</code> <code class="csharp plain">Program</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp keyword">static</code> <code class="csharp keyword">void</code> <code class="csharp plain">Main()</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">anak objekref = </code><code class="csharp keyword">new</code> <code class="csharp plain">anak();</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">objekref.MethodInduk();</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> <b>Output</b><br /> method anak<br /> <br /> Array<br /> <br /> Array digunakan untuk menyimpan sejumlah data dgn type yg sama. contoh<br /> array yg terdiri 1 baris data atau disebut array 1 dimensi<br /> 5 buah data dgn type integer: [10,20,4,5,6]<br /> 3 buah data string : [“mangga”, “jambu” “rambutan”]<br /> <br /> Array yg terdiri dari baris dan kolom disebut array 2 dimensi<br /> contoh array 3 baris 3 kolom<br /> { 1, 4, 5}<br /> { 2, 5, 3}<br /> { 3, 6, 2}<br /> <br /> Sintax untuk membuat array 1 dimensi<br /> <br /> Type [] namaArray = new namaArray[jumlah data]<br /> <br /> contoh : int [] dataku = new dataku[5]<br /> <br /> Untuk membaca atau menulis data ke dalam elemen array menggunakan<br /> namaArray[indek] , indek dimulai dari 0<br /> <br /> misal data yg akan kita tulis ke array dataku adalah {10,20,4,5,6}<br /> dataku[0]=10;<br /> dataku[1]=20;<br /> dataku[2]=4;<br /> dataku[3]=5;<br /> dataku[4]=6;<br /> <br /> kode program untuk membaca data dari element array ke 2<br /> var1 = dataku[2];<br /> maka var1 akan bernilai 4<br /> <br /> kode program membuat array dan sekaligus mengisi dengan data :<br /> int [] dataku = new dataku[5] {10,20,4,5,6};<br /> <br /> selain itu type data array juga bisa ditentukan oleh data yg disimpan :<br /> contoh : var datamu = new[] {2.3, 4.3, 3.5};<br /> oleh compiler type data datamu diset desimal<br /> <br /> Mengakses array dataku dgn for loop<br /> <br /> int [] dataku = new dataku[5] {10,20,4,5,6};<br /> for(int i =0; i < dataku.length; i++)<br /> int jumlahTotal = jumlahTotal + dataku[i];<br /> <br /> Mengakses array dataku dengan foreach<br /> sintax : foreach ( type namaelemen in namaArray)<br /> {<br /> statement<br /> }<br /> <br /> contoh :<br /> foreach ( int data in dataku)<br /> {<br /> int jumlahTotal = jumlahTotal + data;<br /> }<br /> <br /> Array dua dimensi<br /> sintax membuat array 2 dimensi :<br /> <br /> type[ , ] namaArray = new type [jumlah baris,jumlah kolom]<br /> <br /> contoh : int[ , ] dataku = new int[3,3];<br /> <br /> Untuk membaca atau menulis data ke dalam elemen array dua dimensi menggunakan<br /> namaArray[indek baris, indek kolom] , indek dimulai dari 0<br /> <br /> contoh misalnya data sebuah matrix sbb:<br /> 1 2 3<br /> 4 5 6<br /> 7 8 9<br /> kode program menyimpan data matrix diatas kedalam array dua dimensi :<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter csharp" id="highlighter_737451"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11</div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12</div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13</div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14</div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15</div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16</div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17</div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18</div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> 19</div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> 20</div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> 21</div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> 22</div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> 23</div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> 24</div> <br /> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> 25</div> <br /> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> 26</div> <br /> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> 27</div> <br /> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> 28</div> <br /> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> 29</div> <br /> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> 30</div> <br /> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> 31</div> <br /> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> 32</div> <br /> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> 33</div> <br /> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> 34</div> <br /> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> 35</div> <br /> <div class="line number36 index35 alt1"> 36</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">dataku[0,0] = 1; </code><code class="csharp comments">// baris 0 kolom 0</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">dataku[0,1] = 2;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">dataku[0,2] = 3;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">dataku[1,0] = 4; </code><code class="csharp comments">// baris 1 kolom 0</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">dataku[1,1] = 5;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">dataku[1,2] = 6;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">dataku[2,0] = 7; </code><code class="csharp comments">//baris 2 kolom 0</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">dataku[2,1] = 8;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">dataku[2,2] = 9;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="csharp comments">// atau dengan kode program yg lebih lebih simple :</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="csharp keyword">int</code><code class="csharp plain">[,] dataku = { {1,2,3},</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">                  </code><code class="csharp plain">{4,5,6},</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">                  </code><code class="csharp plain">{6,7,8},</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">                 </code><code class="csharp plain">};</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> <code class="csharp comments">// Mengakses array dua dimensi dataku[3,3] dengan for loop</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> <code class="csharp keyword">for</code> <code class="csharp plain">(</code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">baris = 0; baris < dataku.GetLength(0); baris++)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> <code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">     </code><code class="csharp keyword">for</code> <code class="csharp plain">( </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">kolom = 0; kolom < dataku.GetLenght(1); kolom++)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">       </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">        </code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">jumlahTotal =  jumlahTotal + dataku[baris,kolom];</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">       </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> <code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> <code class="csharp comments">// Mengakses array dua dimensi dataku[3,3] dengan foreach</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> <code class="csharp keyword">foreach</code> <code class="csharp plain">(</code><code class="csharp keyword">int</code> <code class="csharp plain">i </code><code class="csharp keyword">in</code> <code class="csharp plain">dataku)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> <code class="csharp spaces">    </code><code class="csharp plain">System.Console.Write(</code><code class="csharp string">"Output: {0} "</code><code class="csharp plain">, i);</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> <code class="csharp spaces">  </code><code class="csharp plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number36 index35 alt1"> <code class="csharp comments">// Output: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> Method bisa memiliki return value dan parameter berupa array 1 dimensi.<br /> <br /> contoh :<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter plain" id="highlighter_902942"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="plain plain">urutkanArray(int [] dataku)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="plain plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">   </code><code class="plain plain">Array.sort(dataku);      </code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">   </code><code class="plain plain">return dataku;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="plain plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> Untuk mengurutkan element array dataku program diatas menggunakan method sort member dari class statis Array. selain method sort, class Array juga memiliki member copy, binarysearch dll.<br /> <br /> Collection<br /> Collection hampir sama dengan array, bedanya collection mempunyai jumlah elemen data yg tidak tetap (mutable). Sehingga collection lebih fleksible dibanding array.<br /> Collection adalah class yg tersimpan pada namespace system.collection.generic. Ada 4 jenis class collection yaitu :<br /> 1. List<T><br /> 2. SortedList<K,V><br /> 3. Queue<T> (antrian)<br /> 4. Stack<T><br /> <br /> contoh penggunaan Class List<br /> <br /> // membuat sebuah objek collection dari class List<br /> List<int> dataku = new List<int><br /> //mengisi elemen objek collection dataku<br /> dataku.Add(2);<br /> dataku.Add(4);<br /> dataku.Add(7);<br /> <br /> //Mengakses elemen objek list dataku sama spt array<br /> <br /> for(i=0; i<dataku.Count; i++)<br /> int jumlahTotal += jumlahTotal + dataku[i];<br /> <br /> ArrayList<br /> Ada class yg mirip class List<T> yaitu Class ArrayList. ArrayList berada pada namespace System.Collections.ArrayList.<br /> contoh penggunaan class arrayList<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter plain" id="highlighter_42871"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11</div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12</div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13</div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14</div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15</div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16</div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17</div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18</div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> 19</div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> 20</div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> 21</div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> 22</div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> 23</div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> 24</div> <br /> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> 25</div> <br /> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> 26</div> <br /> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> 27</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="plain plain">using System;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="plain plain">using System.Collections;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="plain plain">public class SamplesArrayList </code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="plain plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">public static void Main()  {</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">      </code><code class="plain plain">// Creates and initializes a new ArrayList.</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">      </code><code class="plain plain">ArrayList listbuah = new ArrayList();</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">      </code><code class="plain plain">listbuah.Add("mangga");</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">      </code><code class="plain plain">listbuah.Add("rambutan");</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">      </code><code class="plain plain">listbuah.Add("jeruk");</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">      </code><code class="plain plain">// Displays the properties and values of the ArrayList.</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">      </code><code class="plain plain">Console.WriteLine( "daftar list buah" );</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">      </code><code class="plain plain">Console.WriteLine( "    jumlah:    {0}", listbuah.Count );</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">      </code><code class="plain plain">Console.WriteLine( "    Capacity : {0}", listbuah.Capacity );</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">      </code><code class="plain plain">Console.Write( "    isi list buah:" );</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">      </code><code class="plain plain">PrintValues( listbuah );</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">   </code><code class="plain plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">   </code><code class="plain plain">public static void PrintValues( IEnumerable list )  </code></div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">       </code><code class="plain plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">         </code><code class="plain plain">foreach ( Object buah in list )</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">         </code><code class="plain plain">Console.Write( "   {0}", buah );</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">         </code><code class="plain plain">Console.WriteLine();</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">      </code><code class="plain plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> <code class="plain plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> Interface<br /> interface konstruksinya mirip dengan class abstrak tetapi dengan tidak ada kode implementasi. Artinya, sebuah interface hanya terdiri dari deklarasi tanpa implementasi.<br /> Sebuah interface dapat digunakan di mana saja dalam desain class sebagai instance variabel atau parameter dalam method.<br /> Sebuah interface adalah sebuah “kontrak definisi” artinya setiap class yang mengimplementasikan interface harus menerapkan semua definisi metode yang diberikan dalam interface .<br /> Sebuah interface mengatakan apa yang user harus dilakukan, bukan bagaimana melakukannya.<br /> Sebuah interface mendefinisikan karakteristik perilaku dan menempatkan perilaku dlm yang classes independen dari hirarki class.<br /> Ketika class membuat kontrak dengan menerapkan interface, class dikatakan mengimplementasikan interface atau mewarisi/inherit dari interface.<br /> penulisan interface<br /> <br /> interface Inama-interface<br /> {<br /> definisi member interface<br /> }<br /> <br /> nama interface didahului dgn huruf i cuma sebagai penanda sebuah interface saja tapi tdk wajib ada.<br /> <br /> penulisan class yg mengimplementasikan interface<br /> <br /> class namaclass : Inama-interface<br /> <br /> contoh<br /> <div> <br /> <div class="syntaxhighlighter plain" id="highlighter_420078"> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody> <tr><td class="gutter"><br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1</div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2</div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3</div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4</div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5</div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6</div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7</div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8</div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9</div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10</div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11</div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12</div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13</div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14</div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15</div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16</div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17</div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18</div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> 19</div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> 20</div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> 21</div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> 22</div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> 23</div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> 24</div> <br /> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> 25</div> <br /> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> 26</div> <br /> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> 27</div> <br /> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> 28</div> <br /> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> 29</div> <br /> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> 30</div> <br /> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> 31</div> <br /> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> 32</div> <br /> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> 33</div> <br /> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> 34</div> <br /> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> 35</div> <br /> <div class="line number36 index35 alt1"> 36</div> <br /> <div class="line number37 index36 alt2"> 37</div> <br /> <div class="line number38 index37 alt1"> 38</div> <br /> <div class="line number39 index38 alt2"> 39</div> <br /> <div class="line number40 index39 alt1"> 40</div> <br /> <div class="line number41 index40 alt2"> 41</div> <br /> <div class="line number42 index41 alt1"> 42</div> <br /> <div class="line number43 index42 alt2"> 43</div> </td><td class="code"><br /> <div class="container"> <br /> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="plain plain">using System;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="plain plain">using System.Collections.Generic;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="plain plain">using System.Linq;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="plain plain">using System.Text;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="plain plain">using System.IO;</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="plain plain">namespace Contohinterface1</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="plain plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">    </code><code class="plain plain">class Program</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">    </code><code class="plain plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">        </code><code class="plain plain">static void Main(string[] args)</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">        </code><code class="plain plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">            </code><code class="plain plain">IremoteControl remoteProductChina = new RCsedan();</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">            </code><code class="plain plain">remoteProductChina.maju();</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">            </code><code class="plain plain">remoteProductChina.mundur();</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">            </code><code class="plain plain">Console.ReadLine(); </code></div> <br /> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">        </code><code class="plain plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">    </code><code class="plain plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> <code class="plain plain">//========================================</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> <code class="plain plain">//          interface</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> <code class="plain plain">//=========================================</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">    </code><code class="plain plain">interface IremoteControl</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">    </code><code class="plain plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">        </code><code class="plain plain">void maju();</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">        </code><code class="plain plain">void mundur();</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">    </code><code class="plain plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> <code class="plain plain">//==========================================</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">    </code><code class="plain plain">class RCsedan : IremoteControl </code></div> <br /> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">    </code><code class="plain plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">        </code><code class="plain plain">public void maju()</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">         </code><code class="plain plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">             </code><code class="plain plain">System.Console.WriteLine("sedan maju");</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">          </code><code class="plain plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number36 index35 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number37 index36 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">        </code><code class="plain plain">public void mundur()</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number38 index37 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">        </code><code class="plain plain">{</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number39 index38 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">            </code><code class="plain plain">System.Console.WriteLine("sedan mundur");</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number40 index39 alt1"> <code class="plain spaces">        </code><code class="plain plain">}</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number41 index40 alt2"> <code class="plain spaces">    </code><code class="plain plain">}// end of class RCsedan</code></div> <br /> <div class="line number42 index41 alt1"> </div> <br /> <div class="line number43 index42 alt2"> <code class="plain plain">}</code></div> <br /></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /></div> <br /></div> <br /> class RCsedan mengimplementasikan interface IremoteControl jadi class RCsedan harus mengimplementasikan semua method interface IremoteControl yaitu maju() dan mundur();<br /> <br /> referensi : <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/67ef8sbd.aspx">MSDN : C# Programming Guide,,<br />https://pccontrol.wordpress.com/dasar-c/</a><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /></div> </div> </p>

Dasar C# Daftar isi Pendahuluan Struktur dasar Program C# Class Class Member Static Class Member Konstanta dan readonly ...